Zigong said: "Was Guan Zhong not lacking in benevolence? When Duke Huan slew Prince Jiu, Guan Zhong could not bring himself to die in loyalty, and instead went on to serve Duke Huan as chief minister." The Master said: "Guan Zhong served Duke Huan, established his hegemony over the feudal lords, and set the whole realm in order—the people to this day still enjoy the benefits of his work. Had it not been for Guan Zhong, we would all be wearing our hair loose and fastening our garments to the left. Should we expect him to act like a common man or woman, clinging to petty fidelity, dying by his own hand in some nameless ditch, unbeknownst to all?"
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子路曰:「桓公杀公子纠,召忽死之,管仲不死。」曰「未仁乎?」子曰:「桓公九合诸侯,不以兵车,管仲之力也!如其仁!如其仁!」
3.22子曰:「管仲之器小哉!」或曰:「管仲俭乎?」曰:「管氏有三归,官事不摄,焉得俭?」「然则管仲知礼乎?」曰:「邦君树塞门,管氏亦树塞门。邦君为两君之好,有反坫,管氏亦有反坫。管氏而知礼,孰不知礼?」
5.19子张问曰:「令尹子文三仕为令尹,无喜色;三已之,无愠色。旧令尹之政,必以告新令尹。何如?」子曰:「忠矣。」曰:「仁矣乎?」曰:「未知,焉得仁?」「崔子弑齐君,陈文子有马十乘,弃而违之。至于他邦,则曰:『犹吾大夫崔子也。』违之。之一邦,则又曰:『犹吾大夫崔子也。』违之。何如?」子曰:「清矣。」曰:「仁矣乎?」曰:「未知。焉得仁?」