Zai Wo asked: "Three years of mourning for one's parents — surely one year is long enough! If a gentleman neglects ritual for three years, ritual will surely decay; if he neglects music for three years, music will surely collapse. The old grain is used up and the new grain has ripened; the fire-making wood has gone through its full cycle — one year is sufficient." The Master said: "Would you feel at ease eating fine rice and wearing brocade before the three years are up?" Zai Wo replied: "Quite at ease." The Master said: "If you feel at ease, then do so! When a gentleman is in mourning, fine food brings him no sweetness, music brings him no joy, and his home brings him no comfort — that is why he does not do these things. Since you feel at ease, go ahead and do them!" After Zai Wo left, the Master said: "How unfeeling Zai Wo is! A child is not free from its parents' arms until it is three years old. The three-year mourning is observed throughout the world. Did Zai Wo not receive three years of his parents' loving care?"
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子路、曾皙、冉有、公西华侍坐。子曰:「以吾一日长乎尔,毋吾以也。居则曰:『不吾知也!』如或知尔,则何以哉?」子路率尔而对曰:「千乘之国,摄乎大国之间,加之以师旅,因之以饥馑;由也为之,比及三年,可使有勇,且知方也。」夫子哂之。「求!尔何如?」对曰:「方六七十,如五六十,求也为之,比及三年,可使足民。如其礼乐,以俟君子。」「赤!尔何如?」对曰:「非曰能之,愿学焉。宗庙之事,如会同,端章甫,愿为小相焉。」「点!尔何如?」鼓瑟希,铿尔,舍瑟而作。对曰:「异乎三子者之撰。」子曰:「何伤乎?亦各言其志也。」曰:「莫春者,春服既成。冠者五六人,童子六七人,浴乎沂,风乎舞雩,咏而归。」夫子喟然叹曰:「吾与点也!」三子者出,曾皙后。曾皙曰:「夫三子者之言何如?」子曰:「亦各言其志也已矣。」曰:「夫子何哂由也?」曰:「为国以礼,其言不让,是故哂之。」「唯求则非邦也与?」「安见方六七十如五六十而非邦也者?」「唯赤则非邦也与?」「宗庙会同,非诸侯而何?赤也为之小,孰能为之大?」
9.12子疾病,子路使门人为臣。病间,曰:「久矣哉,由之行诈也!无臣而为有臣。吾谁欺?欺天乎?且予与其死于臣之手也,无宁死于二三子之手乎?且予纵不得大葬,予死于道路乎?」
1.11子曰:「父在,观其志;父没,观其行;三年无改于父之道,可谓孝矣。」